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The sash window, or a window that slides open and closed either horizontally or vertically rather than a casement window which functions on hinges, is most common in older British and American styles of architecture. While there are still many examples of them and we know they were quite popular a few centuries ago, the origins of the sash window are a little cloudy.

It is believed that the design first came into existence either in France or Holland, but England mad the most use out of the window, which functions on a set of strings or balances and is made different from casement windows, which use hinges. By the seventeenth century the windows were fashionable in both England and its colonies in the Americas and was considered a status symbol.

The sash window is most commonly known today as a window with separate panes that slides open vertically by moving the bottom pane up and down, but it also refers to a window sliding horizontally, which was probably the original design of the window before the vertical design became more popular.

The oldest existing windows are found in the Ham House in Great Britain and they were put into place in the 1670s. However there are earlier mentions to the windows which can be found the 1658 Vermeer painting of the Milkmaid and the writings of an Brit in 1589 where he refers to them.

The windows did not become common until the seventeenth century, and about three centuries later they were the most common window to be found in England and the United States, though at that point they began to fall out of fashion. Georgian architecture especially is known for having a great number of them.

The most typical model of the window has two panes up and three panes across in each sash, creating six panes of glass over another six. There are many other styles, however. A common term used in the United States is the “double hung sash” which refers to two sashes in the window, both of which can move up and down or side to side. The single hung sash has one immobile pane and one that slides to open and close. In some cases, especially in examples of Churches with particularly tall windows, you see triple or quadruple sashes.

Regardless of the fact that the origins of the sash window date back several centuries, we find that their use and functionality still exists today. It’s a charming window still to be found in various styles of architecture across many countries.

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The first sash window known to have ever been built was used in English homes during the seventeenth century. Robert Hooke is the English scientist who created the traditional design. Usually, these windows are found on aged Victorian or Georgian styled buildings. Though centuries old and often seen on older homes, these windows are still being used in designs of newer homes. Over the centuries, many companies have stuck with the traditional ways of constructing sash windows. There are more precise instructions on making a sash window for your personal use, but this guideline will give you an overview of the current modern manufacturing processes for wooden sash windows.

Wooden sash windows designed with two movable glass panes, better known as sashes. In the original design of this type of window, the panes had grids on them that created three glass panels across and two glass panels deep. When both sashes are closed, the window looks like one large unit with twelve even sections created by the gridded glass. Typically, one window pane moves horizontally or vertically. There are instances where both panes move equally. When a sash is moved, the opening allows a room to have air circulate throughout.

Some essential tools are needed in order to construct a wooden sash window. Obviously, wood is the main ingredient. To cut the wood, make sure you have a table saw complete with a dado blade and a finishing blade. These blades will ensure the wood is cut precisely to your measurements. Additional items are wood glue, a rabbeting bit, sandpaper and wood glue. You should use safety goggles to protect your eyes from wood shavings. A quarter in chisel will also be needed to square off edges of the wood.

First build a strong frame. Use the dado blade to cut tenons that are three eighths of an inch long and a quarter inch thick. These tenons are protrusions that extend out at the end of the wood and they are meant to fit into holes of the same dimensions on the adjoining pieces of wood. The tenons protrude from the top and bottom pieces, and the holes will be chiseled into the side pieces of the wooden frame. Once the tenons and holes are cut, join the pieces together like a puzzle. Use wood glue to stick them together. It should take at least an hour for the glue to harden before you put nails in the side panels to reinforce the joints.

After the base of the frame is ready, a slit for where the window glass is going to be placed needs to be cut. The cut will be created by the rabbeting tool. The slit you create is technically referred to as a rabbet and this rabbet will be even throughout the inside of the frame. After the rabbet has been chiseled and its edges squared off, the glass glaze substance is ready to be laid inside the rabbet. Use a thin string, lather it in the glaze substance and place it into the rabbet. Remove the string and put in the glass window. Push down evenly and gently on the wood to secure the glass. Add some more glaze to the perimeter of the inside of the frame on the glass to add more security. Once this glaze hardens overnight, the window frame will be set to have finishing touches of paint or stain applied to it.

Hot and cold weather will make the wood of the frame expand and shrink. Rainwater and humidity will allow the wood to mold or rot, which will weaken the wood strength. Even the sliding factor of the sash window will wear the wood out. You cannot avoid weather erosion. However, to restore a wooden sash, just follow the same procedures and make a new wooden sash frame.

The cost benefit of pursuing this handyman project on your own is that you avoid having to pay for labor. However, you still have to invest enough money into the right materials to build a strong window sash. Since this is a somewhat challenging and time-consuming project, you might opt to have a professional build a window to your personal liking. There are many carpenters or builders that specialize in making sash windows and can be found on the Internet or in the phone book.

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The origins of the sash window are generally thought to be in England, since there the earliest examples were seen in elegant houses. Windows, designed to let in light while shutting out the elements, were formerly fixed panels or casement windows, which were hinged at the sides, pushed outward to open and pulled in and latched to close.

A sash refers to a panel of glass (or today it could be plastic) that is set as one or more panes of material into a frame which slides up and down, or side to side, to open a room to the outside or shield its interior from the weather.

Robert Hooke, a brilliant man born in England in the 1600s, was both a practical man skilled in clock making and surveying, a skilled architect, a biologist, and a physicist. He studied gravity, the properties of glass, and invented a balance spring that led to the development of the watch. It is easy to see how these studies contributed to his window, moving up and down with a weight to offset the pull of gravity, with muntins (strips of wood holding individual panes of glass in a frame) to relieve stress on the amount of glass needed for large panels, and attractive enough to grace a stately home.

Over time, sash windows made of wood will loosen in their frames, as continual opening and shutting wears the jambs and tracks, and the wood itself expands and contracts with the changing seasonal temperatures and shows the effects of weather. Older windows may rattle in the wind and let air leak in or out around the joints. They also may refuse to open as paint builds up in the seams, or refuse to stay pushed up when the sash cords get brittle and break with age.

Repairing these old windows is an option that many choose, since a handy homeowner with simple tools and a vast amount of patience can do the job. Others wish to retain as much of the original structure as possible when renovating an historic property. Replacement is an option as well, as many reproduction windows are manufactures out of traditional materials, and custom woodworking mills can make exact replicas of old designs.

The sash window has not been changed much over the years, although single glazing has often given way to double and even triple glazing for energy efficiency. Glazing is a term for a transparent panel in a wall; single means one thickness, while double and triple glazing simply fist more than one panel in a frame, with air spaces in between.

The origins of the sash window in England may account for its popularity in other areas which were once English colonies.

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The origins of the sash window are not easy to fathom. There are a variety of theories but no absolute proof for any of them. In the late 1600’s, an English inventor, Robert Hooke used them in Ham House and a painting by Vermeer called ‘The Milkmaid’ shows a sash frame behind the girl. It is believed that they might have come from France, via Holland to Britain around this time but the British certainly made them their own.

The name ‘Yorkshire light’ refers to windows with glazed panels that opened vertically or horizontally. Opening was manual originally but a system was developed whereby the weight of the glass panes was balanced by a lead sash weight. This was connected to the window by a sash cord running inside the frame over a pulley placed at the top.

In the late 1600’s, the famous architect Sir Christopher Wrens used these windows for Whitehall Palace. They were also used for Kensington and Hampton Court Palace. Wrens’ reputation and the royal patronage gave wooden sash windows a cachet that soon saw them used right across the British empire. Until the early 1900’s, the windows were used almost exclusively in all new constructions both private and public. Whether open or closed they do not detract from the aesthetics of a building unlike other windows.

By Georgian times, they were everywhere. An additional feature was added which allowed the windows to open at both the top and bottom. Called a double hung sash, these windows allowed rising hot air to leave through the top and sucked in colder air from the bottom. In a rainy European climate, less rain and more ventilation was possible.

The Victorians, were obsessed with decorating their homes with carvings, leaded lights, lattices and complicated mouldings. Placed in a facade as a group, each bay was framed by carved stone pillars. It also became common to enhancing the perspective of a building by making windows on the ground floor longer than those on the upper floors.

As with many beautiful objects the advent of mass production methods and industrialization after the First World War, signified the end for this product. The labour involved in hand producing a sash was too expensive and casement windows were easier to produce in factories.

Europe would not be the same without its interesting old buildings and sash windows are by far the most beautiful of the windows in these places even though they can be difficult to live with.

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Some people may wonder what the origins of the sash window are. First of all, what are they? They are made up of panels of glass that can be moved, and are separated into panes. The glazed panels are referred to as sashes. Another name for them is also the hung sash.

There are different varieties according to the way they slide open. Opening horizontally is called the Yorkshire type. If it opens vertically then it’s just the regular type.

In order to function correctly, the weight of the panes needs to be balanced out. This can be done one of two ways. One way is to hide weights in between the panes themselves. The weights will be heavy steel, iron, or lead. Another way is to hang sash weights on top to balance it out, allowing it to slide open in a balanced way.

On top of the frame, a cord or chain will connect a pulley to the anchor of the panes. Pulling on it will slide it open in either direction depending on which way it’s pulled. Normally, these are made with three panes of glass, repeated three times, so nine panes total. Depending on size and style, this can vary from house to house.

These windows are most commonly found in Georgian homes or Victorian style homes. The first known one to be installed was in 1670. They were invented by a British man named Robert Hooke. He was known for being a scientist and an inventor.

The material used is typically a soft wood, which is flexible enough to mold the slats and frame. The wood is usually single glazed but can be double glazed as well. An average of four feet is a standard width for this type, but can vary just like the number of panes to suit the needs and style of the person’s home.

Understanding the design and origins of the sash window should go hand in hand with understanding the pluses and minuses of it as well. Some problems people will face are wood rot or warped wood. This lets air enter and escape the home, affecting the internal temperature. Rattling panes are also a product of the wood rot. Some good things are that by having the double sliding panes, room temperature can be regulated easily. Open the top to let out hot air and leave the bottom open to allow cool air to enter. This can help save on summer cooling costs. The ease of cleaning the inside and out without leaving the room is a plus as well.

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If you are looking for all the character of yesterday together with the new technology available today, look no further than wooden windows. The modern manufacturing processes for wooden sash windows allow for high performance without getting in the way of style and tradition. All the benefits of modern technology married to the traditions of history are available in wood.

Wood is a very sustainable material to use in construction. It not only literally grows on trees, but it is possible to recycle it after use into something new. It uses very little energy to process and is an efficient insulator. Wood is an environmentally sound choice.

Compare it to artificial alternatives. Wood windows are made from hardwood timbers with a very high-quality paint job that will last for years. Maintained correctly, they keep their value while increasing the resale value of a home. PVC, by contrast, doesn’t take paint as well and won’t keep its value over the years.

These windows are fully weather-sealed, but the sealing is hidden from view to increase the aesthetic value. They might be fitted with a number of locking systems, from Espagnolette locking to Chubb high-security devices. Child restrictors are also available. Good manufacturers provide brass locking mechanisms and casement stays as a standard feature.

Modern codes require windows to be double-glazed, and these are no exception. They can be sealed and injected with Argon to create an even better thermal barrier. If you have a hankering for that old-fashioned look of putty, that can be accommodated with preglazed windows.

You can design any window you want. Create something fanciful or match your current decor. The choice is yours. There is no substitute for wood.

With timber, you get the keep the appearance of traditional windows. And you don’t have to compromise. You can also have all the benefits of modern design and technology.

Check with your local planning company. Sometimes, they will require that your house use wooden sash construction to maintain the aesthetic of the neighborhood. It would be a shame to get a letter from them instructing you to remove your brand new plastic windows!

The thought that wooden windows are drafty should be banished from your mind. These modern windows are a serious consideration for any renovation project. Even for new construction, wood is the material of choice.

You might think they are not your choice, but think again. With modern manufacturing processes for wooden sash windows, you can choose wood without hesitation. The best of all possible worlds can be seen through wooden windows!

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